Fill in the blanks.
The shadow price of a scarce resource indicates the amount by which contribution would ............... if an organisation were deprived of one unit of the resource. The shadow price only applies while the extra unit of resource can be obtained at its ................. cost.
The shadow price of a scarce resource indicates the amount by which contribution would fall if an organisation were deprived of one unit of the resource. The shadow price only applies while the extra unit of resource can be obtained at its normal variable cost.
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Fill in the blanks.
Ideally, a transfer price should be set that enables the individual divisions to maximise their profits at a level of output that maximises ……………………. .
The transfer price which achieves this is unlikely to be a ……………….. transfer price or a ……………. transfer price.
If optimum decisions are to be taken, transfer prices should reflect …………………. .
There are two profit centres, A and B. Profit centre A transfers a product to profit centre B, but could also sell the product in an external market at a price of $30. The marginal cost of making the product in profit centre A is $8 per unit and the full cost is $14 per unit. There would be a variable cost of $1 per unit for sales and distribution to customers in the external market, but no such costs for internal transfers.
To avoid disputes between the profit centre managers, what should be the transfer price for the product?
$ _______
What objectives might the following not for profit organisations have?
(a) An army (d) A political party
(b) A local council (e) A college
(c) A charity
One of the objectives of a local government body could be 'to provide adequate street lighting throughout the area'.
(a) How could the 'adequacy' of street lighting be measured?
(b) Assume that other objectives are to improve road safety in the area and to reduce crime. How much does 'adequate' street lighting contribute to each of these aims?
(c) What is an excessive amount of money to pay for adequately lit streets, improved road safety and reduced crime? How much is too little?
What general objectives of non profit seeking organisations are being described in each of the following?
(a) Maximising what is offered
(b) Satisfying the wants of staff and volunteers
(c) Equivalent to profit maximisation
(d) Matching capacity available
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