The following statements have been made about budgeting.
(1) An incremental budget is a budget which is designed to change as the volume of output changes.
(2) Zero-based budgeting is used to compare the incremental cost and related benefits of activities.
Which of the above statements is/are true?
The definition in statement 1 is a definition of a flexible budget. Incremental decision packages in ZBB are used to measure the incremental cost of an activity or incremental activity, and to assess the benefits that this will provide. Incremental decision packages can be ranked according to the net benefit they will provide.
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The following statements have been made about material price planning variances:
(1) The publication of material price planning variances should always lead to automatic updates of standard costs.
(2) The causes of material price planning variances do not need to be investigated by managers at any level in the organisation.
Which of the above statement(s) is/are true?
Leaf limited has had a mixed year. Its market share has improved two percentage points to 20% but the overall market had contracted by 5% in the same period. The budgeted sales were 504,000 units and standard contribution was $12 per unit.
What is the level of actual sales?
The finance director of Paint Mixers Ltd has produced the table below showing the variance results for the first three months of the year:
January February March
Material price variance $3,000 A $2,000 A $1,000 A
Material mix variance $2,000 A $750 A $100 F
Material yield variance $4,000 A $2,000 A $50F
Which of the following interpretations of the variances analysis exercise above is NOT correct?
The following statements have been made in relation to the use of standard costs in rapidly changing environments:
(1) Variance analysis results will take into account important criteria such as customer satisfaction or quality of production.
(2) Achieving standards is suitable in most modern manufacturing environments.
Which of the above statement(s) is/are true?
The following statements have been made about planning and control as described in the three tiers of Robert Anthony’ s decision-making hierarchy:
(1) Strategic planning is concerned with making decisions about the efficient and effective use of existing resources.
(2) Operational control is about ensuring that specific tasks are carried out efficiently and effectively.
Which of the above statements is/are true?
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