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English and English Community
There is no denying that English is a useful language. The people who speak English today make up the ___1___ speech
community in the world with the exception of speakers of Chinese. Originally they were small tribes of people from northern Europe who ___2___ in England. Their languages became more and more ___3___ to each other. Finally, the language
had enough uniformity to be used by all speakers in England. The people were united into a speech community through
their shared languages.
Speech community is similar to other kinds of ___4___. The people who make up the community share common language. Often they live side by side, as they do in a neighborhood, a village, or a city. More often they form a whole country. National boundaries, however, are not always the same as the boundaries of a speech community. A speech community is any group of people who ___5___ the same language no matter where they happen to live.
We may say that anyone who speaks English ___6___ to the English speech community. For convenience, we may classify the speakers into two groups: one in which the speakers use English as their native language, the other in which the
speakers learn English as a second language for the ___7___ of education, commerce, and so on.
English serves as an alternative language in several areas of public activity for most nations in the world which employ it as an ___8___ second language. English has been adopted as the language of air traffic, commerce, as well as international
diplomacy. Moreover, English is the ___9___ of the majority of published materials in the world so that education has come
to rely ___10___ on an understanding of English.
A. international
B. native
C. speak
D. belongs
E. purpose
F. language
G. communities
H. settled
I. similar
J. same
K. heavily
L. largest
Testing: Is it the only way to Evaluate Students?
【*】About ten percent of __1__ (spend)on primary and secondary education in the United States comes from the federal government. For ten years now, federal law has tied this cost to student __2__ (perform). States have been required to show progress through __3__ (year) testing.
【*】States saying testing tells only part of the story about efforts by school and students to improve. So the Obama administration has eased the limits on states in __4__ (measure) performance.
The western state of Colorado for example, has a new __5__ (assess) method. The idea is to show __6__ (academy) growth, not just achievement on tests. It combines test scores, family income levels, school size, the ethnicity of the student and many other factors.
【*】Josh Smith is principal of a middle school in a network of public charter schools __7__ (call). West Denver Prep Charter schools are publicly funded but not operated the same as __8__ (tradition) public schools. Mr. Smith says he likes to show his students this graph so they can see their school’s progress. On average, students enter sixth grade at West Denver Prep __9__ (perform) below grade level. __10__ (strange) enough, most are outperforming other students across the state three years later.
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【简答】
A.long B. same C. bank D. earn E. pay F. grow G. inside H. different I. interest J. somewhere K. saving L raise
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