简述国家历史类型更替的规律。
（名词解释）总统共和制。
（名词解释）单一制。
简述国家形式的基本内容。
简述人民代表大会制度的特点。
（名词解释）新型专政。
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国家历史类型的更替规律
马克思主义认为，国家历史类型更替的一般规律，是由生产力与生产关系、经济基础与上层建筑的矛盾运动决定的。生产力与生产关系的冲突是社会变革的经济基础。生产关系一定要适应生产力性质的规律，是社会发展的基本规律。社会制度的变革，包括国家历史类型的变革，是生产关系一定要适应生产力性质的规律发生作用的结果。国家历史类型更替的一般规律，并不排除具体更替或发展过程中的特殊性。在不同的社会背景下，由于经济、文化发展水平、历史传统、社会力量构成等方面的差异，国家历史类型的更替规律的具体表现方式也是多样的。
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- 材料全屏 British Columbia【*】British Columbia is the third largest Canadian province, both in area and population. It is nearly1.5 times as large as Texas, and extends 800 miles (1,280km) north from the United States border. It includes Canada‘s entire west coast and the islands just off the coast.【*】Most of British Columbia is mountainous, with long rugged ranges running north and south. Even the coastal islands are the remains of a mountain range that existed thousands of years ago. During the last Ice Age, this range was scoured by glaciers until most of it was beneath the sea. Its peaks now show as islands scattered along the coast.【*】The southwestern coastal region has a humid mild marine climate. Sea winds that blow inland from the west are warmed by a current of warm water that flows through the Pacific Ocean. As a result, winter temperatures average above freezing and summers are mild. These warm western winds also moisture from the ocean.【*】Inland from the coast, the winds from the Pacific meet the mountain barriers of the coastal ranges and the Rocky Mountains. As they rise to cross the mountains, the winds are cooled, and their moisture begins to fall as rain. On some of the western slopes almost 200 inches (500 cm) of rain fall each year.【*】More than half of British Columbia is heavily forested. On mountain slopes that receive plentiful rainfall, huge Douglas firs rise in towering columns. These forest giants often grow to be as much as300 feet (90m) tall, with diameters up to 10 feet (3m). More lumber is produced from these trees than from any other kind of tree in North America. Hemlock, red cedar, and balsam fir are among the other trees found in British Columbia.11【单选】With which aspect of British Columbia is the passage primarily concerned?（）A Its climateB Its cultureC Its geographyDIts history
- In which part of British Columbia can a mild climate be found?（）A In the southwestBInland from the coastC In the northDOn the entire west coast
- In Paragraph 5, the word"heavily"could best be replaced by which of the following?（）AWidelyBDenselyCChieflyDLargely
- Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a tree found in British Columbia?（）AHemlockB CedarC FirDPine
- What effect do the mountains have on winds?（）AMake them dry.BMake them wet.CMake them cool.D Make them weak.
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- （）A issueBpassedC debateDanotherE otherFinternationalGrelatedHinfluenceIsawJprofessorKnationalLcomfortable
- （）AissueB passedCdebateDanotherEotherFinternationalGrelatedHinfluenceIsawJprofessorKnationalLcomfortable
- （）A issueBpassedCdebateDanotherE otherF internationalGrelatedHinfluenceIsawJprofessorKnationalLcomfortable