简述杰斐逊、汉密尔顿的分权思想。
请简述司法独立原则。
简述西方国家的法官保障制度的主要内容。
请简述单一制的主要特点。
简述城市政府职能特点。
简述基层政府的作用主要表现在哪些方面？
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近代分权制衡原则的理论基础
杰斐逊和汉密尔顿不仅把孟德斯鸠的分权理论应用于美国的宪政制度设计，而且进一步发展了分权理论，杰斐逊认为，要保障人民主权，防止暴政，仅仅在联邦政府层面实行三权分立是不够的，还须在联邦与州政府、地方政府之间实行纵向分权，层层分权。汉密尔顿的贡献在于强调司法独立他主张法院和法官的独立，既不从属于议会，也不从属于政府，主张赋予司法机关更大的权力。
多做几道
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- 材料全屏 British Columbia【*】British Columbia is the third largest Canadian province, both in area and population. It is nearly1.5 times as large as Texas, and extends 800 miles (1,280km) north from the United States border. It includes Canada‘s entire west coast and the islands just off the coast.【*】Most of British Columbia is mountainous, with long rugged ranges running north and south. Even the coastal islands are the remains of a mountain range that existed thousands of years ago. During the last Ice Age, this range was scoured by glaciers until most of it was beneath the sea. Its peaks now show as islands scattered along the coast.【*】The southwestern coastal region has a humid mild marine climate. Sea winds that blow inland from the west are warmed by a current of warm water that flows through the Pacific Ocean. As a result, winter temperatures average above freezing and summers are mild. These warm western winds also moisture from the ocean.【*】Inland from the coast, the winds from the Pacific meet the mountain barriers of the coastal ranges and the Rocky Mountains. As they rise to cross the mountains, the winds are cooled, and their moisture begins to fall as rain. On some of the western slopes almost 200 inches (500 cm) of rain fall each year.【*】More than half of British Columbia is heavily forested. On mountain slopes that receive plentiful rainfall, huge Douglas firs rise in towering columns. These forest giants often grow to be as much as300 feet (90m) tall, with diameters up to 10 feet (3m). More lumber is produced from these trees than from any other kind of tree in North America. Hemlock, red cedar, and balsam fir are among the other trees found in British Columbia.11【单选】With which aspect of British Columbia is the passage primarily concerned?（）A Its climateB Its cultureC Its geographyDIts history
- In which part of British Columbia can a mild climate be found?（）A In the southwestBInland from the coastC In the northDOn the entire west coast
- In Paragraph 5, the word"heavily"could best be replaced by which of the following?（）AWidelyBDenselyCChieflyDLargely
- Which of the following is NOT mentioned as a tree found in British Columbia?（）AHemlockB CedarC FirDPine
- What effect do the mountains have on winds?（）AMake them dry.BMake them wet.CMake them cool.D Make them weak.
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- （）A issueBpassedC debateDanotherE otherFinternationalGrelatedHinfluenceIsawJprofessorKnationalLcomfortable
- （）AissueB passedCdebateDanotherEotherFinternationalGrelatedHinfluenceIsawJprofessorKnationalLcomfortable
- （）A issueBpassedCdebateDanotherE otherF internationalGrelatedHinfluenceIsawJprofessorKnationalLcomfortable