在戏剧中提倡“间离效果”的作家是（）
古希腊文艺论著《理想国》的作者是（）
欧洲文人史诗的开端是（）
贺拉斯关于文学的论文是（）
古希腊神话中的英雄传说起源于（ ）
《伊利昂纪》的开篇是（ ）
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二、欧美国家文学
布莱希特（1898-1956），德国剧作家、戏剧理论家。他最主要的文学成就是叙事剧（史诗剧）。布莱希特把戏剧分为两大类型：一类是戏剧式戏剧或亚里士多德式戏剧；一类是违反亚里士多德的标准而创作的戏剧，他把它称为史诗式戏剧。他创造了一种称为“间离效果”（陌生化）的艺术方法，有意识地在角色、演员和观众之间制造感情上的距离。首先是要求演员与角色保持一定的距离，不要融进角色之中，而是高于角色、驾驭角色、表演角色。其次，通过舞台布置和演员表演，在观众与剧情之间制造适当距离，使观众用探讨、批判的态度看剧情，激发他们改变现实的愿望。
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