简述民间文学本身的转变。
中国各族民间文学交融整合表现在哪些方面？
什么是相声？相声的种类有哪些？
简述民间小戏的剧目一般包括的内容。
简述相声特有的艺术手段和特征。
简述民间谜语的特点。
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三、中国民间文学事业的新发展
民间文学可分为原生态、再生态和新生态3类：
（1）原生态民间文学，指现在仍活在民众口头和实际生活中的传统民间文学，这一类民间文学正在逐渐衰亡。
（2）再生态民间文学，指经过整理和改编，转化为书面或视听文学样式的民间文学，这一类民间文学转变形态后，重新走向千家万户，比以前传播更为广泛。
（3）新生态民间文学，指从当代社会生活中自然产生，反映人民某些意愿与时代风尚的新的故事、笑话、歌谣、谚语等。它们将不断涌现，恐怕永无枯竭之日。
多做几道
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- 材料全屏 Rare Fossil Record The preservation of embryos and juveniles is a rare occurrence in the fossil record. The tiny delicate skeletons are usually scattered by scavengers(食腐动物)weathering before they can be fossilized Ichthyosaurs(鱼龙) had a higher chance of being preserved than did terrestrial creatures be-cause, as marine animals, they tended to live in environments less subject to erosion. Still, their fossilization required a suite of factors: a slow rate of decay of soft tissues, little scavenging by other animals, a lack of swift currents and waves to jumble and carry away small bones, and fairly rapid burial. Given these factors, some areas have become a treasury of well-preserved ichthyosaur fossils. The deposits at Holzmaden, Germany, present an interesting case for analysis. The ichthyosaur remains are found in black, bituminous marine shales(页岩)deposited about 190 million years ago. Over the years, thousands of specimens of marine reptiles, fish and invertebrates have been recovered from these rocks. The quality of preservation is outstanding, but what is even more impressive is the number of ichthyosaur fossils containing preserved embryos. Ichthyosaurs with embryos have been reported from 6 different levels of the shale in a small area around Holzmaden, suggesting that a specific site was used by large numbers of ichthyosaurs repeatedly over time. The embryos are quite advanced in their physical development; their paddles, for example, are already well formed. One specimen is even preserved in the birth canal. In addition, the shale contains the remains of many newborns that are between 20 and 30 inches long. Why are there so many pregnant females and young at Holzmaden when they are so rare else-where? The quality of preservation is almost unmatched and quarry operations have been carried out carefully with an awareness of the value of the fossils. But these factors do not account for the interesting question of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth.11【单选】All of the following are mentioned as factors that encourage fossilization except the _____Aspeed of buryingBconditions of the waterCrate at which soft tissues decayDcause of death of the animal
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