下列哪项属于中国许多民族“以歌代言”、“以歌传情”的范例？（）
中国四大传说是（ ）
根据联合国教科文组织《保护非物质文化遗产公约》，非物质文化遗产包括哪些方面（ ）
学习民间文学的目的有哪些（ ）
民间文学田野作业的形式按其调查的内容大致可分为（）
比较研究对民间文学的意义和作用体现在（ ）
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一、缘事而发的原生性
民间文艺与民众生活水乳交融，自古以来，"饥者歌其食，劳者歌其事"，"感于哀乐，缘事而发"，民间文艺是民众心灵的真实流露，是民众喜怒哀乐的自发表达。中国许多民族“以歌代言”、“以歌传情”，①孕育新生命时唱“十月怀胎歌”，②诞生后外婆送来背带要唱“背带歌”，③在恋爱季节更少不了唱情歌，④在祝寿礼仪上要唱“祝寿歌”，⑤走完生命历程之后人们为之唱"孝歌"。
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- 材料全屏 Rare Fossil Record The preservation of embryos and juveniles is a rare occurrence in the fossil record. The tiny delicate skeletons are usually scattered by scavengers(食腐动物)weathering before they can be fossilized Ichthyosaurs(鱼龙) had a higher chance of being preserved than did terrestrial creatures be-cause, as marine animals, they tended to live in environments less subject to erosion. Still, their fossilization required a suite of factors: a slow rate of decay of soft tissues, little scavenging by other animals, a lack of swift currents and waves to jumble and carry away small bones, and fairly rapid burial. Given these factors, some areas have become a treasury of well-preserved ichthyosaur fossils. The deposits at Holzmaden, Germany, present an interesting case for analysis. The ichthyosaur remains are found in black, bituminous marine shales(页岩)deposited about 190 million years ago. Over the years, thousands of specimens of marine reptiles, fish and invertebrates have been recovered from these rocks. The quality of preservation is outstanding, but what is even more impressive is the number of ichthyosaur fossils containing preserved embryos. Ichthyosaurs with embryos have been reported from 6 different levels of the shale in a small area around Holzmaden, suggesting that a specific site was used by large numbers of ichthyosaurs repeatedly over time. The embryos are quite advanced in their physical development; their paddles, for example, are already well formed. One specimen is even preserved in the birth canal. In addition, the shale contains the remains of many newborns that are between 20 and 30 inches long. Why are there so many pregnant females and young at Holzmaden when they are so rare else-where? The quality of preservation is almost unmatched and quarry operations have been carried out carefully with an awareness of the value of the fossils. But these factors do not account for the interesting question of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth.11【单选】All of the following are mentioned as factors that encourage fossilization except the _____Aspeed of buryingBconditions of the waterCrate at which soft tissues decayDcause of death of the animal
- Which of the following is true of the fossil deposits discussed in the passage?_____AThey include examples of newly discovered species.BThey contain large numbers of well-preserved specimens.CThey are older than fossils found in other places.DThey have been analyzed more carefully than other fossils.
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