魏晋南北朝时期，记载民间文学材料较为丰富的有（）
中国四大传说是（ ）
根据联合国教科文组织《保护非物质文化遗产公约》，非物质文化遗产包括哪些方面（ ）
学习民间文学的目的有哪些（ ）
民间文学田野作业的形式按其调查的内容大致可分为（）
比较研究对民间文学的意义和作用体现在（ ）
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二、两汉时期的民间文学
魏晋南北朝时期，容纳民间文学材料较为丰富的有：①干宝的《搜神记》、②王嘉的《拾遗记》、③托名晋代陶潜的《搜神后记》、④任昉的《述异记》以及⑤张华的《博物志》、⑥托名曹丕的《列异传》、⑦刘敬叔的《异苑》、⑧吴均的《续齐谐记》等等。
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- 材料全屏 Rare Fossil Record The preservation of embryos and juveniles is a rare occurrence in the fossil record. The tiny delicate skeletons are usually scattered by scavengers(食腐动物)weathering before they can be fossilized Ichthyosaurs(鱼龙) had a higher chance of being preserved than did terrestrial creatures be-cause, as marine animals, they tended to live in environments less subject to erosion. Still, their fossilization required a suite of factors: a slow rate of decay of soft tissues, little scavenging by other animals, a lack of swift currents and waves to jumble and carry away small bones, and fairly rapid burial. Given these factors, some areas have become a treasury of well-preserved ichthyosaur fossils. The deposits at Holzmaden, Germany, present an interesting case for analysis. The ichthyosaur remains are found in black, bituminous marine shales(页岩)deposited about 190 million years ago. Over the years, thousands of specimens of marine reptiles, fish and invertebrates have been recovered from these rocks. The quality of preservation is outstanding, but what is even more impressive is the number of ichthyosaur fossils containing preserved embryos. Ichthyosaurs with embryos have been reported from 6 different levels of the shale in a small area around Holzmaden, suggesting that a specific site was used by large numbers of ichthyosaurs repeatedly over time. The embryos are quite advanced in their physical development; their paddles, for example, are already well formed. One specimen is even preserved in the birth canal. In addition, the shale contains the remains of many newborns that are between 20 and 30 inches long. Why are there so many pregnant females and young at Holzmaden when they are so rare else-where? The quality of preservation is almost unmatched and quarry operations have been carried out carefully with an awareness of the value of the fossils. But these factors do not account for the interesting question of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth.11【单选】All of the following are mentioned as factors that encourage fossilization except the _____Aspeed of buryingBconditions of the waterCrate at which soft tissues decayDcause of death of the animal
- Which of the following is true of the fossil deposits discussed in the passage?_____AThey include examples of newly discovered species.BThey contain large numbers of well-preserved specimens.CThey are older than fossils found in other places.DThey have been analyzed more carefully than other fossils.
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