俄国文学史上第一部塑造“小人物”形象的作品是（）
古希腊文艺论著《理想国》的作者是（）
欧洲文人史诗的开端是（）
贺拉斯关于文学的论文是（）
古希腊神话中的英雄传说起源于（ ）
《伊利昂纪》的开篇是（ ）
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一、生平与创作
《驿站长》描写驿站长维林和女儿杜尼亚相依为命。女儿被一骠骑兵军官拐去后，维林失去了唯一的寄托，孤单、凄凉，他历尽千辛万苦来到彼得堡，找到女儿住所，又被骠骑兵军官赶走，回去不久，他就在孤苦无望中死去。作品谴责贵族阶级的自私、冷酷，对维林的不幸，表示了深切的同情。这个作品塑造了俄国文学史上第一个“小人物”维林的形象，开创了俄国文学写“小人物”的传统。
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- 材料全屏 Rare Fossil Record The preservation of embryos and juveniles is a rare occurrence in the fossil record. The tiny delicate skeletons are usually scattered by scavengers(食腐动物)weathering before they can be fossilized Ichthyosaurs(鱼龙) had a higher chance of being preserved than did terrestrial creatures be-cause, as marine animals, they tended to live in environments less subject to erosion. Still, their fossilization required a suite of factors: a slow rate of decay of soft tissues, little scavenging by other animals, a lack of swift currents and waves to jumble and carry away small bones, and fairly rapid burial. Given these factors, some areas have become a treasury of well-preserved ichthyosaur fossils. The deposits at Holzmaden, Germany, present an interesting case for analysis. The ichthyosaur remains are found in black, bituminous marine shales(页岩)deposited about 190 million years ago. Over the years, thousands of specimens of marine reptiles, fish and invertebrates have been recovered from these rocks. The quality of preservation is outstanding, but what is even more impressive is the number of ichthyosaur fossils containing preserved embryos. Ichthyosaurs with embryos have been reported from 6 different levels of the shale in a small area around Holzmaden, suggesting that a specific site was used by large numbers of ichthyosaurs repeatedly over time. The embryos are quite advanced in their physical development; their paddles, for example, are already well formed. One specimen is even preserved in the birth canal. In addition, the shale contains the remains of many newborns that are between 20 and 30 inches long. Why are there so many pregnant females and young at Holzmaden when they are so rare else-where? The quality of preservation is almost unmatched and quarry operations have been carried out carefully with an awareness of the value of the fossils. But these factors do not account for the interesting question of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth.11【单选】All of the following are mentioned as factors that encourage fossilization except the _____Aspeed of buryingBconditions of the waterCrate at which soft tissues decayDcause of death of the animal
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