If snow and ice covered areas begin melting, ________
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【单选】
Paragraph①_____
Paragraph③_____
Paragraph④_____
Paragraph⑥_____
British people have the habit of reading newspapers in the______
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- Breakdown in family values does not affect the happiness level. ( )ATrueBFalseCNot Given
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- 材料全屏 Rare Fossil Record The preservation of embryos and juveniles is a rare occurrence in the fossil record. The tiny delicate skeletons are usually scattered by scavengers(食腐动物)weathering before they can be fossilized Ichthyosaurs(鱼龙) had a higher chance of being preserved than did terrestrial creatures be-cause, as marine animals, they tended to live in environments less subject to erosion. Still, their fossilization required a suite of factors: a slow rate of decay of soft tissues, little scavenging by other animals, a lack of swift currents and waves to jumble and carry away small bones, and fairly rapid burial. Given these factors, some areas have become a treasury of well-preserved ichthyosaur fossils. The deposits at Holzmaden, Germany, present an interesting case for analysis. The ichthyosaur remains are found in black, bituminous marine shales(页岩)deposited about 190 million years ago. Over the years, thousands of specimens of marine reptiles, fish and invertebrates have been recovered from these rocks. The quality of preservation is outstanding, but what is even more impressive is the number of ichthyosaur fossils containing preserved embryos. Ichthyosaurs with embryos have been reported from 6 different levels of the shale in a small area around Holzmaden, suggesting that a specific site was used by large numbers of ichthyosaurs repeatedly over time. The embryos are quite advanced in their physical development; their paddles, for example, are already well formed. One specimen is even preserved in the birth canal. In addition, the shale contains the remains of many newborns that are between 20 and 30 inches long. Why are there so many pregnant females and young at Holzmaden when they are so rare else-where? The quality of preservation is almost unmatched and quarry operations have been carried out carefully with an awareness of the value of the fossils. But these factors do not account for the interesting question of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth.11【单选】All of the following are mentioned as factors that encourage fossilization except the _____Aspeed of buryingBconditions of the waterCrate at which soft tissues decayDcause of death of the animal
- Which of the following is true of the fossil deposits discussed in the passage?_____AThey include examples of newly discovered species.BThey contain large numbers of well-preserved specimens.CThey are older than fossils found in other places.DThey have been analyzed more carefully than other fossils.
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- 材料全屏 Soot(烟灰) and Snow: a Hot Combination【*】New research from NASA scientists suggests emissions (释放) of black soot alter the way sunlight reflects off snow. According to a computer simulation(模拟), black soot may be responsible for 25 percent of observed global warming over the past century.【*】Soot in the higher latitudes(纬度) of the Earth, where ice is more common, absorbs more of the sun s energy and warmth than an icy, white background. Dark-colored black carbon, or soot, absorbs sunlight, while lighter colored ice reflects sunlight【*】Soot in areas with snow and ice may play an important role in climate change. Also, if snow and ice covered areas begin melting, the warming effect increases, as the soot becomes more concentrated on the snow surface. This provides a positive feedback, as glaciers and ice sheet smelt, they tend to get even dirtier,"said Dr.James Hansen, a researcher at NASA's Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York.【*】Hansen found soot's effect on snow albedo(反照率)( solar energy reflected back to space), which may be contributing to trends toward early springs in the Northern Hemisphere, such as thinning Arctic sea ice, melting glaciers and permafrost(永冻层). Soot also is believed to play a role in changes in the atmosphere above the oceans and land.【*】"Black carbon reduces the amount of energy reflected by snow back into space, thus heating the snow surface more than if there were no black carbon,"Hansen said. Soot's increased absorption of solar energy is especially effective in warming the world’s climate."This forcing is unusually effective, causing twice as much global warming as a carbon-dioxide(二氧化碳) forcing of the same magnitude(量,大小),” Hansen noted.【*】Hansen cautioned, although the role of soot in altering global climate is substantial, it does not alter the fact that greenhouse gases are the primary cause of climate warming during the past century. Such gases are expected to be the largest climate forcing for the rest of this century.【*】The researchers found that observed warming in the Northern Hemisphere was large in the winter and spring at middle and high latitudes. These observations were consistent with the researchers' elimate model simulations, which showed some of the largest warming effects occurred when there were heavy snow cover and sufficient sunlight.1【单选】Paragraph①_____ASoot's Role in Climate Changes Above Oceans and LandBObservations of Warming in the Northern HemisphereCExplanation of Increased Warming Effect Caused by SootDBlack Soot in Snow and Icy Areas Leading to Climate ChangeEBlack Soot Contributing to Global WarmingFGreenhouse Gases as the Main Factor of Global Warming
- Paragraph③_____ASoot's Role in Climate Changes Above Oceans and LandBObservations of Warming in the Northern HemisphereCExplanation of Increased Warming Effect Caused by SootDBlack Soot in Snow and Icy Areas Leading to Climate ChangeEBlack Soot Contributing to Global WarmingFGreenhouse Gases as the Main Factor of Global Warming
- Paragraph⑦_____ASoot's Role in Climate Changes Above Oceans and LandBObservations of Warming in the Northern HemisphereCExplanation of Increased Warming Effect Caused by SootDBlack Soot in Snow and Icy Areas Leading to Climate ChangeEBlack Soot Contributing to Global WarmingFGreenhouse Gases as the Main Factor of Global Warming
- A soot forcing is unusually effective, which_________Aproduces much more global warming than a carbon-dioxide forcing of the same magnitudeBcontributed to 25 percent of observed global warmingCwinter and springDthe warming effects increaseEstill surpass soot warming the world's climate during the last centuryFcan be seen mostly in the Northern Hemisphere
- Hansen cautioned that greenhouse gases________Aproduces much more global warming than a carbon-dioxide forcing of the same magnitudeBcontributed to 25 percent of observed global warmingCwinter and springDthe warming effects increaseEstill surpass soot warming the world's climate during the last centuryFcan be seen mostly in the Northern Hemisphere
- Warming in the Northern Hemisphere was large in ________ at middle and high latitudes.Aproduces much more global warming than a carbon-dioxide forcing of the same magnitudeBcontributed to 25 percent of observed global warmingCwinter and springDthe warming effects increaseEstill surpass soot warming the world's climate during the last centuryFcan be seen mostly in the Northern Hemisphere
- Paragraph②_____AKeeping Good Relations with Local BusinessmenBService Provided by Local NewspapersCLarge Circulation of the National NewspapersDSpecial Features of Local NewspapersEPower of Local NewspapersFPopularity of Local Newspapers
- Paragraph③_____AKeeping Good Relations with Local BusinessmenBService Provided by Local NewspapersCLarge Circulation of the National NewspapersDSpecial Features of Local NewspapersEPower of Local NewspapersFPopularity of Local Newspapers
- British people have the habit of reading newspapers in the______Aa lot of moneyBexpress public feeling on local issuesCmorningDlocal peopleEnational issuesFlocal issues
- Local newspapers rarely give opinions on_______Aa lot of moneyBexpress public feeling on local issuesCmorningDlocal peopleEnational issuesFlocal issues