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快速查题-汉语言文学本科试题

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汉语言文学本科
英语（二）
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                                                                        Soot(烟灰) and Snow: a Hot Combination

【*】New research from NASA scientists suggests emissions (释放) of black soot alter the way sunlight reflects off snow.

According to a computer simulation(模拟), black soot may be responsible for 25 percent of observed global warming over

the past century.

【*】Soot in the higher latitudes(纬度) of the Earth, where ice is more common, absorbs more of the sun s energy and
warmth than an icy, white background. Dark-colored black carbon, or soot, absorbs sunlight, while lighter colored ice reflects sunlight

【*】Soot in areas with snow and ice may play an important role in climate change. Also, if snow and ice covered areas begin melting, the warming effect increases, as the soot becomes more concentrated on the snow surface. This provides a positive feedback, as glaciers and ice sheet smelt, they tend to get even dirtier,"said Dr.James Hansen, a researcher at NASA's

Goddard Institute for Space Studies, New York.

【*】Hansen found soot's effect on snow albedo(反照率)( solar energy reflected back to space), which may be contributing

to trends toward early springs in the Northern Hemisphere, such as thinning Arctic sea ice, melting glaciers and permafrost(永冻层). Soot also is believed to play a role in changes in the atmosphere above the oceans and land.

【*】"Black carbon reduces the amount of energy reflected by snow back into space, thus heating the snow surface more
than if there were no black carbon,"Hansen said. Soot's increased absorption of solar energy is especially effective in
warming the world’s climate."This forcing is unusually effective, causing twice as much global warming as a carbon-dioxide(二氧化碳) forcing of the same magnitude(量,大小),” Hansen noted.
【*】Hansen cautioned, although the role of soot in altering global climate is substantial, it does not alter the fact that greenhouse gases are the primary cause of climate warming during the past century. Such gases are expected to be the largest climate forcing for the rest of this century.
【*】The researchers found that observed warming in the Northern Hemisphere was large in the winter and spring at
middle and high latitudes. These observations were consistent with the researchers' elimate model simulations, which
showed some of the largest warming effects occurred when there were heavy snow cover and sufficient sunlight.
1

【单选】

Paragraph①_____

A

Soot's Role in Climate Changes Above Oceans and Land

B

Observations of Warming in the Northern Hemisphere

C

Explanation of Increased Warming Effect Caused by Soot

D

Black Soot in Snow and Icy Areas Leading to Climate Change

E

Black Soot Contributing to Global Warming

F

Greenhouse Gases as the Main Factor of Global Warming

查看答案及解析

Paragraph③_____

A

Soot's Role in Climate Changes Above Oceans and Land

B

Observations of Warming in the Northern Hemisphere

C

Explanation of Increased Warming Effect Caused by Soot

D

Black Soot in Snow and Icy Areas Leading to Climate Change

E

Black Soot Contributing to Global Warming

F

Greenhouse Gases as the Main Factor of Global Warming

查看答案及解析

Paragraph④_____

A

Soot's Role in Climate Changes Above Oceans and Land

B

Observations of Warming in the Northern Hemisphere

C

Explanation of Increased Warming Effect Caused by Soot

D

Black Soot in Snow and Icy Areas Leading to Climate Change

E

Black Soot Contributing to Global Warming

F

Greenhouse Gases as the Main Factor of Global Warming

查看答案及解析

Paragraph⑥_____

A

Soot's Role in Climate Changes Above Oceans and Land

B

Observations of Warming in the Northern Hemisphere

C

Explanation of Increased Warming Effect Caused by Soot

D

Black Soot in Snow and Icy Areas Leading to Climate Change

E

Black Soot Contributing to Global Warming

F

Greenhouse Gases as the Main Factor of Global Warming

查看答案及解析

If snow and ice covered areas begin melting, ________

A

produces much more global warming than a carbon-dioxide forcing of the same magnitude

B

contributed to 25 percent of observed global warming

C

winter and spring

D

the warming effects increase

E

still surpass soot warming the world's climate during the last century

F

can be seen mostly in the Northern Hemisphere

查看答案及解析

A soot forcing is unusually effective, which_________

A

produces much more global warming than a carbon-dioxide forcing of the same magnitude

B

contributed to 25 percent of observed global warming

C

winter and spring

D

the warming effects increase

E

still surpass soot warming the world's climate during the last century

F

can be seen mostly in the Northern Hemisphere

查看答案及解析

Hansen cautioned that greenhouse gases________

A

produces much more global warming than a carbon-dioxide forcing of the same magnitude

B

contributed to 25 percent of observed global warming

C

winter and spring

D

the warming effects increase

E

still surpass soot warming the world's climate during the last century

F

can be seen mostly in the Northern Hemisphere

查看答案及解析

Warming in the Northern Hemisphere was large in ________ at middle and high latitudes.

A

produces much more global warming than a carbon-dioxide forcing of the same magnitude

B

contributed to 25 percent of observed global warming

C

winter and spring

D

the warming effects increase

E

still surpass soot warming the world's climate during the last century

F

can be seen mostly in the Northern Hemisphere

查看答案及解析

                                                  The Disappearing Honeybee

Do you run away when you hear a bee buzzing? Many people do. A bee sting hurts and some people are allergic to bee venom(蜂毒). But did you know that bees are very important to humans? Honeybees do more than just make honey. They fly around and pollinate(传授花粉) flowers, plants, and trees. ___11___ One third of America's food supply is pollinated by the honeybee.

Have you seen or heard a honeybee lately? Bees are mysteriously disappearing in many parts of the world. Most people don't know about this problem. It is called Colony Collapse Disorder(CCD). Some North American beekeepers lost 80% of their hives(蜂巢)from 2006-2008.___12___.

The disappearance of the honeybee is a serious problem. Can you imagine never eating another blueberry? What about almonds and cherries? Without honeybees food prices will skyrocket(猛涨).___13___.

This problem affects other foods besides fresh produce. Imagine losing your favorite ice cream! Haagen Daaz is a famous ice cream company. Many of their flavors rely on the hard working honey bee. ___14___ They also created a website called helpthehoneybee.com.

Donating money to research is the most important thing humans can do to save the honeybees. Scientists need money to investigate the causes of Colony Collapse Disorder. Some scientists blame CCD on climate change. Others think pesticides(杀虫剂)are killing the bees.___15___Beekeepers transport their hives from place to place in order to pollinate plants year round.

Not everyone has money to donate regularly. There are other ways to help the honeybee. Spread the word, by telling your friends and family about the problem. Tell your teacher about the disappearing bees too. Maybe your class can write a letter to the government.

A. In 2008 Haagen Daaz began raising money for CCD

B. It is hard to pin down what has been causing honeybees to vanish

C. The poorest people always suffer the worst when there is a lack of food

D. Our fruits, nuts, and vegetables rely on these pollinators.

E. Commercial bee migration may also cause CCD.

F. Bees in Italy and Australia are disappearing too.

查看答案及解析

Paragraph⑦_____

A

Soot's Role in Climate Changes Above Oceans and Land

B

Observations of Warming in the Northern Hemisphere

C

Explanation of Increased Warming Effect Caused by Soot

D

Black Soot in Snow and Icy Areas Leading to Climate Change

E

Black Soot Contributing to Global Warming

F

Greenhouse Gases as the Main Factor of Global Warming

查看答案及解析
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