论述司空图“韵味说”。
论述王国维关于造境、写境的观点。
论述《儒林外史序》对小说主题与艺术的分析。
论述王骥德《曲律》的戏剧理论主张。
论述张炎《词源》的评词标准。
论述严羽的“妙悟说”。
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《与李生论诗书》
作者着重从韵味的角度来谈诗歌意境的创造，即认为好诗必须有“韵外之致”、“味外之旨”；这种韵味，不仅存在于风格“澄澹”的诗中，而且也存在于风格“遒举”的篇章。司空图的韵味说影响了宋人严羽的妙悟说和清人王士禛的神韵说；司空图的韵味说重在艺术特征的探索，接触到形象思维问题，但也存在重大缺陷：在形象思维与现实生活的关系问题上，司空图或是深不下去，或是论而不当，从理论上助长了脱离现实的不良风气。
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- 材料全屏 Rare Fossil Record The preservation of embryos and juveniles is a rare occurrence in the fossil record. The tiny delicate skeletons are usually scattered by scavengers(食腐动物)weathering before they can be fossilized Ichthyosaurs(鱼龙) had a higher chance of being preserved than did terrestrial creatures be-cause, as marine animals, they tended to live in environments less subject to erosion. Still, their fossilization required a suite of factors: a slow rate of decay of soft tissues, little scavenging by other animals, a lack of swift currents and waves to jumble and carry away small bones, and fairly rapid burial. Given these factors, some areas have become a treasury of well-preserved ichthyosaur fossils. The deposits at Holzmaden, Germany, present an interesting case for analysis. The ichthyosaur remains are found in black, bituminous marine shales(页岩)deposited about 190 million years ago. Over the years, thousands of specimens of marine reptiles, fish and invertebrates have been recovered from these rocks. The quality of preservation is outstanding, but what is even more impressive is the number of ichthyosaur fossils containing preserved embryos. Ichthyosaurs with embryos have been reported from 6 different levels of the shale in a small area around Holzmaden, suggesting that a specific site was used by large numbers of ichthyosaurs repeatedly over time. The embryos are quite advanced in their physical development; their paddles, for example, are already well formed. One specimen is even preserved in the birth canal. In addition, the shale contains the remains of many newborns that are between 20 and 30 inches long. Why are there so many pregnant females and young at Holzmaden when they are so rare else-where? The quality of preservation is almost unmatched and quarry operations have been carried out carefully with an awareness of the value of the fossils. But these factors do not account for the interesting question of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth.11【单选】All of the following are mentioned as factors that encourage fossilization except the _____Aspeed of buryingBconditions of the waterCrate at which soft tissues decayDcause of death of the animal
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