论述王骥德《曲律》的戏剧理论主张。
论述王国维关于造境、写境的观点。
论述《儒林外史序》对小说主题与艺术的分析。
论述王骥德《曲律》的戏剧理论主张。
论述张炎《词源》的评词标准。
论述严羽的“妙悟说”。
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曲律
戏剧作家必须广泛学习国风、《离骚》以及乐府诗词、戏曲各方面的优秀遗产，丰富文学修养；同时又不能在创作中“卖弄学问，堆垛陈腐”；关于戏剧结构，主张贵剪裁、贵锻鍊、突出重点，抓住头脑，俱为卓见。关于声乐，要“以调合情”，才可加剧戏剧感染力；评价作品，以可演可传、雅俗共赏为上；曲家多不注意宾白，王骥德认为不能轻视并指出白不易作；要求作品要重视内容，认识到戏剧的社会教育作用。其强调的内容有关风化。
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- 材料全屏 Rare Fossil Record The preservation of embryos and juveniles is a rare occurrence in the fossil record. The tiny delicate skeletons are usually scattered by scavengers(食腐动物)weathering before they can be fossilized Ichthyosaurs(鱼龙) had a higher chance of being preserved than did terrestrial creatures be-cause, as marine animals, they tended to live in environments less subject to erosion. Still, their fossilization required a suite of factors: a slow rate of decay of soft tissues, little scavenging by other animals, a lack of swift currents and waves to jumble and carry away small bones, and fairly rapid burial. Given these factors, some areas have become a treasury of well-preserved ichthyosaur fossils. The deposits at Holzmaden, Germany, present an interesting case for analysis. The ichthyosaur remains are found in black, bituminous marine shales(页岩)deposited about 190 million years ago. Over the years, thousands of specimens of marine reptiles, fish and invertebrates have been recovered from these rocks. The quality of preservation is outstanding, but what is even more impressive is the number of ichthyosaur fossils containing preserved embryos. Ichthyosaurs with embryos have been reported from 6 different levels of the shale in a small area around Holzmaden, suggesting that a specific site was used by large numbers of ichthyosaurs repeatedly over time. The embryos are quite advanced in their physical development; their paddles, for example, are already well formed. One specimen is even preserved in the birth canal. In addition, the shale contains the remains of many newborns that are between 20 and 30 inches long. Why are there so many pregnant females and young at Holzmaden when they are so rare else-where? The quality of preservation is almost unmatched and quarry operations have been carried out carefully with an awareness of the value of the fossils. But these factors do not account for the interesting question of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth.11【单选】All of the following are mentioned as factors that encourage fossilization except the _____Aspeed of buryingBconditions of the waterCrate at which soft tissues decayDcause of death of the animal
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