简述语素义和词义之间的关系。
简述语言和民族文化的相互作用。
语言内部的词义形成从哪些方面受到民族文化的影响？
简述语素义和词义之间的关系。
为什么说在论元结构中谓词是处于支配地位的核心成分?
举例说明音位和音素的区别。
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2.1词义的构成要素
词义即词语的意义。语素义指存在于语素所构成的词或固定结构中的语素的意义。
(1)对于单纯词来讲,词义就等于语素义。因为单纯词是由一个语素构成的,那么这个语素的意义也就是词的意义。
(2)对于合成词来讲,因为合成词是由两个或两个以上的语素构成的,这就涉及组合成词的语素之间的关系。这大致有以下两种情况:①词义差不多就是语素义的简单相加。比如“美丽”由语素“美”和语素“丽”组成,组合而成的词“美丽”同样也是二者意思的相加。②词义并不能从其构成适素的意义推而来,比如“忘记”一词中语素“记”的意义脱落,在整个词义中已经没有作用了。
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