举例说明音位和音素的区别。
简述语言和民族文化的相互作用。
语言内部的词义形成从哪些方面受到民族文化的影响？
简述语素义和词义之间的关系。
为什么说在论元结构中谓词是处于支配地位的核心成分?
举例说明音位和音素的区别。
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3.1设立音位的原因
音素是从音质角度划分出来的语音单位,音质不同便是不同的音素;音位是从社会功能的角度划分出来的有区别意义作用的语音单位,几个音即使音质不同,但如果没有区别意义的作用,就可以归并为一个音位。如汉语普通话里的[a]、[A]、[ɑ]彼此间的音质不同但没有区别意义的作用,因而可以归并在同一个/a/音位里。音素是具体的发音,音位则是由一组彼此的音质不同,但没有辨义作用而音感上又相似的音素概括而成的抽象音类。如从音素角度看,汉语普通话的[a]、[A]、[ɑ]是三个不同的音素, 但从音位角度看,它们都属于同一个音位。音位总是属于特定的语言或方言的,而不同的语言或方言却可能具有相同的音素。如汉语普通话和法语都有[a]和[ɑ],但二者的/a/音位却具有不同的内容。
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