论述郭沫若诗集《女神》的思想内容和艺术成就。
论述《红岩》的思想内容和艺术特点。
论述老舍《茶馆》的艺术成就。
论述曹禺戏剧的艺术特色。
论述《骆驼祥子》的艺术特色。
论述郁达夫小说从《沉沦》到《薄奠》、《迟桂花》创作风格的变化。
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二、郭沫若
《女神》是郭沫若的第一部新诗集，也是中国现代文学史上第一部具有杰出成就相当巨大影响的新诗集。
（1）《女神》最强烈而集中地体现了诗人呼唤新世界诞生的民主理想。如《风凰涅槃》是一首庄严的时代颂歌，充满彻底反叛的精神和对光明新世界的热切向往。诗人借用凤凰集香木自焚而更生的神话，愤怒诅咒和否定“冷酷如铁”、“腥秽如血”的旧世界，热烈向往华美芬芳的“美丽新世界”。诗歌着力渲染了大和谐、大欢乐的景象。
（2）《女神》充分表达了诗人对自我的崇尚和对自然的礼赞。《天狗》中飞奔、狂叫、燃烧着的“我”，更是气吞山河。诗歌通过这些狂放不羁的“自我”形象，表现了无法遏制的激情和无穷的神奇力量，以否定世间一切的传统偶像，摧毁封建的精神枷锁，追求彻底的个性解放。
（3）《女神》显示了彻底破坏和大胆创新的精神。诗人在《立在地球边上放号》中歌唱“不断的毁坏，不断的创造，不断的努力”。
（4）《女神》表现出奇异的壮阔感和动态的诗美。《女神》中处处可见一个“开辟鸿荒的大我”的抒情形象，这个“大我”，占据宇宙的中心，具有伟大的气魄、健全的人格。这个“大我”，感情奔放，胸襟开阔，意态超拔，具有无比的生命力和创造力。
（5）《女神》实践了诗人绝对的自由，绝对的自主的艺术主张，这是与他的让感情“自然流露”的诗歌主张相一致的。诗行可以长到像《胜利的死》中浩荡的语言行列，也可以短到如《天狗》每行两三字，以短促的排句传达某种跃动激荡的情绪；既有《凤凰涅槃》那样的数百行长诗，也有只有三行的《鸣蝉》。
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- 材料全屏 Rare Fossil Record The preservation of embryos and juveniles is a rare occurrence in the fossil record. The tiny delicate skeletons are usually scattered by scavengers(食腐动物)weathering before they can be fossilized Ichthyosaurs(鱼龙) had a higher chance of being preserved than did terrestrial creatures be-cause, as marine animals, they tended to live in environments less subject to erosion. Still, their fossilization required a suite of factors: a slow rate of decay of soft tissues, little scavenging by other animals, a lack of swift currents and waves to jumble and carry away small bones, and fairly rapid burial. Given these factors, some areas have become a treasury of well-preserved ichthyosaur fossils. The deposits at Holzmaden, Germany, present an interesting case for analysis. The ichthyosaur remains are found in black, bituminous marine shales(页岩)deposited about 190 million years ago. Over the years, thousands of specimens of marine reptiles, fish and invertebrates have been recovered from these rocks. The quality of preservation is outstanding, but what is even more impressive is the number of ichthyosaur fossils containing preserved embryos. Ichthyosaurs with embryos have been reported from 6 different levels of the shale in a small area around Holzmaden, suggesting that a specific site was used by large numbers of ichthyosaurs repeatedly over time. The embryos are quite advanced in their physical development; their paddles, for example, are already well formed. One specimen is even preserved in the birth canal. In addition, the shale contains the remains of many newborns that are between 20 and 30 inches long. Why are there so many pregnant females and young at Holzmaden when they are so rare else-where? The quality of preservation is almost unmatched and quarry operations have been carried out carefully with an awareness of the value of the fossils. But these factors do not account for the interesting question of how there came to be such a concentration of pregnant ichthyosaurs in a particular place very close to their time of giving birth.11【单选】All of the following are mentioned as factors that encourage fossilization except the _____Aspeed of buryingBconditions of the waterCrate at which soft tissues decayDcause of death of the animal
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