简述派生词的分类。
简述语言和民族文化的相互作用。
语言内部的词义形成从哪些方面受到民族文化的影响？
简述语素义和词义之间的关系。
为什么说在论元结构中谓词是处于支配地位的核心成分?
举例说明音位和音素的区别。
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2.2词的构造形式
按照词缀在词中的位置,派生词可分成三小类:
(1)词缀在前、词根在后的前缀式派生词,比如英语的“re-make(重做)”,汉语的“第—三、老一师”等。
(2)词根在前、词缀在后的后缀式派生词,比如英语的“work-er(工人)”,汉语的“桌一子、甜一头”等。
(3)词缀在词的中间或词缀非连续出现的中缀式派生词,比如英语的“ abso-fucking-lutely(绝对绝对地)、won- bloodly- derful(极好极好的)”,汉语的“古里古怪、糊里糊涂”等都可以看作中缀派生词。
上述几种词缀有时可以一起出现,如英语的“ un-like-ly(不太可能的)、un- gentle-man-li-ness(非绅士样的风度)”,就是多重派生词。
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