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 Which of the following best describes a ‘basic standard’ within the context of budgeting? 

A

 A standard which is kept unchanged over a period of time 

B

 A standard which is based on current price levels 

C

 A standard set at an ideal level, which makes no allowance for normal losses, waste and machine downtime  

D

 A standard which assumes an efficient level of operation, but which includes allowances for factors such as normal loss, waste and machine downtime 

The following statements have been made about budgets and standards:

(i) Budgets can be used in situations where output cannot be measured, but standards cannot be used in such situations. 

(ii) Budgets can include allowances for inefficiencies in operations, but standards use performance targets which are attainable under the most favourable conditions.

 (iii) Budgets are used for planning purposes, standards are used only for control purposes. 

Which of the above statements is/are true? 

A

 (i) , (ii) and (iii) 

B

 (i) and (ii) only 

C

 (i) only 

D

 (ii) and (iii) only 

 Which of the following accounting procedures are used for controlling costs conditional on a given volume of production? 

A

 Flexible budgeting    YES                         Standard costing   YES

B

 Flexible budgeting    YES                         Standard costing  NO

C

 Flexible budgeting    NO                         Standard costing   YES

D

 Flexible budgeting    NO                         Standard costing   NO

When considering setting standards for costing, which of the following would NOT be appropriate? 

A

 The normal level of activity should always be used for absorbing overheads 

B

 Average prices for materials should be used, encompassing any discounts that are regularly available 

C

 The labour rate used will be the rate at which the labour is paid 

D

 Average material usage should be established based on generally-accepted working practices 

 Ideal standards are long-term targets. 

A

 True

B

 False 

 This objective test question contains a question type which will only appear in a computer-based exam, but this question provides valuable practice for all students whichever version of the exam they are taking. 

While a drag and drop style question is impossible to fully replicate within a paper based medium, some questions of this style have been included for completeness. 

A business is expanding rapidly and buying its material in a variety of countries in a variety of currencies.  It has an exclusive supply delivery contract whereby the same logistics expert makes all deliveries in to its warehouses on a cost plus basis.  It pays all delivery charges on a per unit basis. 

Which of the following are valid explanations of an adverse material price variance measured to include delivery costs as part of the cost per kg delivered? 

Drag the correct items into the box below:

  Exchange rate movements

  Extra discounts agreed

  Increased world-wide demand for the material

  Extra supply of the material becoming available from new suppliers

  World oil price rises

  Increases in the dividends paid by the delivery business 

What are the possible advantages for the control function of an organisation of having a standard costing system? 

Can you think of a service organisation that could apply standard costing? 

ABC carries out routine office work in a sales order processing department, and all tasks in the department have been given standard times. There are 40 clerks in the department who work on average 140 hours per month each. The efficiency ratio of the department is 110%. 

Required 

Calculate the budgeted output in the department. 

What problems do you think could occur when standards are being set?