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What is the difference between a budget and a forecast?

Explain what is meant by the principal budget factor

Explain what is meant by a flexible budget

State two advantages and two disadvantages of a flexible budget.

Explain what is meant by a flexed budget

Which of the following best describes management by exception?

A

Using management reports to highlight exceptionally good performance, so that favourable results can be built upon to improve future outcomes

B

Sending management reports only to those managers who are able to act on the information contained within the reports

C

Focusing management reports on areas which require attention and ignoring those which appear to be performing within acceptable limits

D

Focusing management reports on areas which are performing just outside acceptable limits

Standard costing provides which of the following?

(i) Targets and measures of performance

(ii) Information for budgeting

(iii) Simplification of inventory control systems

(iv) Actual future costs

A

(i), (ii) and (iii) only

B

(ii), (iii) and (iv) only

C

(i), (iii) and (iv) only

D

(i), (ii) and (iv) only

A unit of product L requires 9 active labour hours for completion. The performance standard for product L allows for ten per cent of total labour time to be idle, due to machine downtime. The standard wage rate is $9 per hour. What is the standard labour cost per unit of product L?

A

$72.90

B

$81.00

C

$89.10

D

$90.00

A company manufactures a single product L, for which the standard material cost is as follows.

                                                        $ per unit

Material 14 kg x $3                               42

During July, 800 units of L were manufactured, 12,000 kg of material were purchased for $33,600, of which 11,500 kg were issued to production.

SM Co values all inventory at standard cost.

What are the material price and usage variances for July?

A

Price                              Usage

$2,300 (F)                      $900 (A)

B

Price                      Usage

2,300 (F)                 $300 (A)

C

Price                       Usage

$2,400 (F)             $900 (A)

D

Price                       Usage

$2,400 (F)               $840 (A)

Extracts from a company's records from last period are as follows.

                                                                                      Budget                    ActuaI

Production                                                                  1,925 units               2,070 units

Variable production overhead cost                             $11,550                   $14,904

Labour hours worked                                                 5,775                        8,280

What are the variable production overhead variances for last period?     

A

Expenditure              Efficiency

 $1,656 (F)                 $2,070 (A)

B

Expenditure             Efficiency$

1,656 (F)                   $3,726(A)

C

Expenditure               Efficiency

$1,656 (F)                  $4,140 (A)

D

Expenditure              Efficiency

 $3,354 (F)                $4,140 (A)